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1 Reading
1) The Discovery of Truth Depends on the Thoughtful Reading of Authoritative TextsFor the Middle Ages, all discovery of truth was first reception of traditional authorities, then later-in the thirteenth century-rational reconciliation of authoritative texts. A comprehension of the world was not regarded as a creative function but as an assimilation and retracing of given facts; the symbolic expression of this being reading. The goal and the accomplishment of the thinker is to connect all these facts together in the form of the "summa." Dante's cosmic poem is such a summa too. (Curtius, 1973, p. 326)The readers of books... extend or concentrate a function common to us all. Reading letters on a page is only one of its many guises. The astronomer reading a map of stars that no longer exist; the Japanese architect reading the land on which a house is to be built so as to guard it from evil forces; the zoologist reading the spoor of animals in the forest; the card-player reading her partner's gestures before playing the winning card; the dancer reading the choreographer's notations, and the public reading the dancer's movements on the stage; the weaver reading the intricate design of a carpet being woven; the organ-player reading various simultaneous strands of music orchestrated on the page; the parent reading the baby's face for signs of joy or fright, or wonder; the Chinese fortune-teller reading the ancient marks on the shell of a tortoise; the lover blindly reading the loved one's body at night, under the sheets; the psychiatrist helping patients read their own bewildering dreams; the Hawaiian fisherman reading the ocean currents by plunging a hand into the water; the farmer reading the weather in the sky-all these share with book-readers the craft of deciphering and translating signs....We all read ourselves and the world around us in order to glimpse what and where we are. We read to understand, or to begin to understand. We cannot do but read. Reading, almost as much as breathing, is our essential function. (Manguel, 1996, pp. 6-7)There is a pitched battle between those theorists and modellers who embrace the primacy of syntax and those who embrace the primacy of semantics in language processing. At times both schools have committed various excesses. For example, some of the former have relied foolishly on context-free mathematical-combinatory models, while some of the latter have flirted with versions of the "direct-access hypothesis," the idea that skilled readers process printed language directly into meaning without phonological or even syntactic processing. The problems with the first excess are patent. Those with the second are more complex and demand more research. Unskilled readers apparently do rely more on phonological processing than do skilled ones; hence their spoken dialects may interfere with their reading-and writing-habits. But the extent to which phonological processing is absent in the skilled reader has not been established, and the contention that syntactic processing is suspended in the skilled reader is surely wrong and not supported by empirical evidence-though blood-flow patterns in the brain are curiously different during speaking, oral reading, and silent reading. (M. L. Johnson, 1988, pp. 101-102)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Reading
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2 reading
noun1) the act of reading.قِراءَه2) the reading of something aloud, as a (public) entertainment:قِراءَه أمام الجُمْهورa poetry reading.
3) the ability to read:القُدْرَه على القِراءَهThe boy is good at reading.
الأرقام والقِياساتThe reading on the thermometer was –5°C.
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3 reading-
1) for the purpose of reading:للقِراءَهa reading-room in a library.
2) for learning to read:كِتاب قِراءَهa reading-book.
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4 reading matter
nounsomething written for others to read (eg books, newspapers, letters):مواد للقِراءَهThere's a lot of interesting reading matter in our local library.
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5 reading
قِراءَة \ reading. -
6 reading room
قاعَة المُطَالَعَة \ reading room: a room (usu. at a public library) where people may read books or newspapers that are kept there. -
7 Reading Ability
Education: RA -
8 Reading Across The Curriculum
Education: RACУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading Across The Curriculum
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9 Reading Age
Education: RA -
10 Reading Alarm
Education: RA -
11 Reading And Education For Adult Development
Education: READУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading And Education For Adult Development
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12 Reading And Volunteers Excellence
Education: RAVEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading And Volunteers Excellence
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13 Reading And Writing
Education: RAWУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading And Writing
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14 Reading Any Place
Education: RAP -
15 Reading At Home
Education: RAH -
16 Reading Award Scheme
Education: RASУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading Award Scheme
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17 Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad Company
Railway term: RBMNУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad Company
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18 Reading Comprehension
Education: RCУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading Comprehension
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19 Reading Consultation And Study
Education: RCSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading Consultation And Study
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20 Reading Education For Adult Development
Education: READУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Reading Education For Adult Development
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